Cholesterol plays a crucial role in maintaining normal bodily functions, but elevated levels of specific cholesterol types, especially LDL-cholesterol, are linked to atherosclerosis, the narrowing of arteries. This process heightens the risk of angina, heart attacks, and strokes.
Cholesterol investigation typically involves a fasting blood test. If levels are elevated, a comprehensive assessment of your 10-year cardiovascular risk and family history becomes imperative to tailor management strategies. Some patients may benefit from further investigations, including specialized blood tests like LP(a) and apoB, as well as advanced imaging such as carotid ultrasound, coronary calcium scoring, or cardiac CT scans.
Managing other cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension and diabetes is crucial. Initial treatment of hyperlipidemia in low-risk individuals may involve lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, regular aerobic exercise, and overall risk factor reduction, including smoking cessation. This is usually followed by lipid profile reassessment.
Individuals at high risk may require medical intervention to lower cholesterol levels with drugs like statins. Treatment options and dosages vary based on therapy goals. For preventive statin therapy, the lowest effective dose is typically prescribed to manage cholesterol levels while minimizing side effects. However, high-dose statins may be necessary after a myocardial infarction, regardless of cholesterol levels.
